November 11,2003

Grassley Praises President's Signing of Military Tax Relief Bill Into Law

M E M O R A N D U M

To: Reporters and Editors
Re: President’s signing of the military relief bill
Da: Tuesday, Nov. 11, 2003

Sen. Chuck Grassley, chairman of the Committee on Finance, with jurisdiction over federal taxes, today made the following comment on President Bush’s signing of the bipartisan legislation offering tax relief for military men and women, including reservists. Grassley co-authored the bill; last week’s House passage of the Senate’s version of the bill – after more than a year of delays –cleared the legislation for the President’s consideration.

“This legislation just makes good common sense. The tax code shouldn’t penalize people for serving their country. You shouldn’t take a big tax hit on the sale of your home because you weren’t living in it while serving in Iraq or Afghanistan. If you’re a reservist, the government should make sure you can fully deduct the expense of traveling in preparation for service. And if you die while serving your country, your family members shouldn’t have to sacrifice a big chunk of the death gratuity benefit they receive to income taxes. This legislation is a matter of basic fairness and decency. I’m glad the President is making it the law.”

Below is a summary of the provisions that were included in the final version of the billpassed by both houses of Congress.

A. Increase in and Exclusion of Military Death Gratuity Payments. Under current law, death gratuity benefits are $6,000 (as increased in 1991) but are only excludable from income up tothe amount payable as of September 9, 1986 (i.e., $3,000). The bill increases the current deathgratuity benefit from $6,000 to $12,000 and provides a full exclusion from taxable income for alldeath gratuity benefit payments. These provisions are estimated to cost $122 million over 10 years.

B. Exclusion of Gain from the Sale of a Principal Residence by Military and Foreign Service Personnel. In 1997, Congress amended the taxation of capital gains from the sale of aprincipal residence. Under those rules, up to $250,000 ($500,000 per married couple) may beexcluded on the sale of a principal residence if the individual has lived in the house for at least twoof the previous five years. Although Treasury Regulations provide relief in the event a principalresidence is sold for work-related reasons prior to the time at which the two-year requirement is met,no relief has been provided for military and foreign service personnel who are required to moveeither within the U.S. or abroad in the course of active duty. The bill permits military and foreignservice personnel to make an election to suspend for a maximum of ten years the running of the twoand five year periods while away on active duty assignments. Senator McCain has sponsored similarlegislation. The proposal is expected to cost $212 million over 10 years.

C. Exclusion of Amounts Received Under Military Housing Assistance Program. The Department of Defense makes payments to members of the Armed Services to offset diminution inhousing values due to military base realignment or closure. For example, if a house near a base wasworth $180,000 prior to a base closure and $100,000 after a base closure, DOD may provide theowner with a payment to offset most (but not all) of the $80,000 diminution in value. Under currentlaw, those amounts are taxable as compensation. The bill provides that such payments will beexcludable from income. The proposal is expected to cost $19 million over 10 years.

D. Expand Combat Zone Filing Rules To Include Contingency Operations. Under current law, military personnel stationed in a combat zone receive an extended period of time forfiling federal income tax returns. This exception, however, has not been extended to militarypersonnel involved in contingency operations such as Operation Iraqi Freedom or EnduringFreedom. The bill provides similar filing extensions to military personnel assigned to contingencyoperations designated by the Secretary of Defense. The proposal is estimated to cost $13 millionover 10 years.

E. Above-The Line-Deduction For Overnight Travel Expenses of National Guard and Reserve Members. Reservists who travel periodically (typically one weekend per month and twoweeks in the summer) for reserve duty incur significant travel expenses, some of which are notreimbursed by the military. Under current law, those “unreimbursed business expenses” maydeducted as an itemized deductions on Schedule A to the extent those expenses exceed 2% ofadjusted gross income. Thus, reservists who do not itemize (like 75% of all taxpayers) may notdeduct any portion of those expenses, and reservists who itemize may deduct those expenses onlyin limited form. The bill provides an above-the-line deduction for overnight travel costs incurredmore than 100 miles from the taxpayer’s home including meals, transportation and lodging up to theamount allowable as per diem allowances applicable to the locale by the DOD for all reservists andmembers of the National Guard. Senator DeWine sponsored similar legislation. The proposal isexpected to cost less than $851 million over 10 years.

F. Expansion of Membership For Veterans’ Organizations. Qualified veterans’organizations under section 501(c)(19) of the tax code are treated as tax-exempt organizations underthe Internal Revenue Code. As such, contributions to qualified veterans’ organization are deductible.To become a qualified veterans’ organization, (1) 75% of the members must be current or formeractive military personnel and (2) “substantially all” of the members must be either current or formeractive military personnel or widows/widowers of former active military personnel. The bill permitslineal descendants and ancestors of current or former active military personnel to qualify for the“substantially all” test. The proposal costs $17 million over 10 years.

G. Clarification of Treatment of Child Care Subsidies. Under current law, employeesgenerally may exclude from taxable income up to $5,000 of employer-provided child care expenses.The military provides extensive child-care benefits to its employees. A separate provision in theInternal Revenue Code excludes from income benefits provided to members of the uniformedservices. However, it is unclear whether child-care benefits were intended to be included in thatprovision. The bill clarifies that child-care benefits provided to military personnel would beexcludible from income. The proposal is not expected to have a revenue effect.

H. Treatment of Service Academy Appointments as Scholarships for Purposes of Section 529 and Section 530 Education Programs. The bill permits penalty-free withdrawals fromCoverdell education savings accounts and qualified tuition programs made on account of theattendance of the account holder or beneficiary at the United States Military Academy, the UnitedStates Naval Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, the United States Coast GuardAcademy, or the United States Merchant Marine Academy. The amount of funds that can bewithdrawn penalty-free is limited to the costs of advanced education as defined in Title 10, section2005(e)(3) of the United States Code (as in effect on the date of the enactment of the bill) at suchAcademies. The proposal is expected to cost $2 million over 10 years.

I. Suspension of the Tax-Exempt Status of Terrorist Organizations. The bill suspendsthe tax-exempt status of an organization that is exempt from tax under section 501(a) for any periodduring which the organization is designated or identified as a terrorist organization. The bill alsomakes such an organization ineligible to apply for tax exemption under section 501(a). The periodof suspension runs from the date the organization is first designated or identified to the date whenall designations or identifications with respect to the organization have been rescinded pursuant tothe law or Executive order under which the designation or identification was made. The bill directsthe IRS to update the listings of tax-exempt organizations to take account of organizations that havehad their exemption suspended and publish for taxpayers the non-deductibility of contributions tosuch organizations during the period of suspension. The proposal has a negligible revenue effect.

J. Assistance for Families of Space Shuttle Columbia Heroes. The bill expands the classof those eligible for income tax relief to include astronauts who die in the line of duty, effectiveJanuary 1, 2003 and thereby affords astronauts killed in the line of duty income tax relief, deathbenefit relief, and estate tax relief. The proposal is estimated to cost less than $500,000 over tenyears.

K. Offset: Custom User Fees. The total cost of the bill (approximately $1.236 billion) ispaid for by extending custom user fees through March 1, 2005.

-30-