!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~2 &*      JCTTITLES STARTPAGE266 T!#rqq#rr r q      q@  qq@   !qq@ @!@ @&q@ @&@ @&q@ @*qyq@ &qy@ + &@ &@ @ &@ @&qy@ &q@ * @ @!""@ #q $q %q &$'q &(q@ &)q@ @*q &+qy@ *,q q- &.@ @*/q@ 0%1q2+3q 43&5q@ 6 &7@ 8 9 !:@ &;@ @< =&>@ @? @5A-B*Cyq qqDA*Eq q&Fqy@ @&Gq@ Hq I@Jq &Kq@ @L0MKNq&Oq@ @&Pq@ @&Qq@ @&Rq@ @SR&Tq@ @UTVq.Wq@qqX#&Y@ @/Z@qq&[@ @&\q@ @]\&^@ @_X!`@ @a`ba!c@ @db!eq@ fd!g@ @!h@ @!i@ @!j@ @kq !lq@ @mq nm!oq@ @pnqprosqts%uqq@ vtwrxvyw!zq@ @{q |z}|~}~{x!q@ !q@ @!q@ @-qqqq!q@ @fY"q M&@ @;q ]q&q@ @q q &q@ @"q@  &@ @&@ @&q@ &q @*qy @q &q@ @*qy@ @*q @-q @-q @-q @&q@ "q@ &@ @"q@ q@ q  q   $ -0q0q'qq'qq'q$qqq#qq  $qq     q'qqq! ^JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION March 30, 1998 March 30, 1998 ^JCX-20-98O^ESTIMATED REVENUE EFFECTS OF THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN'S MARKJ^RELATING TO REFORM AND RESTRUCTURING OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE^Fiscal Years 1998 - 2007 ^[Millions of Dollars] ^Provision ^Effective 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 1998-02 1998-02 2003-07 2003-07 '"I.]'Executive Branch Governance............................................................)^...................................^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'' "II.'Electronic Filing.......................................................................................................................)^...................................^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'' "III.'Taxpayer Bill of Rights 3'^A.'Burden of Proof ^eca DOEF0     t0j'^B.'Proceedings by Taxpayers'<'Expansion of authority to award costs and certain fees';'at prevailing rate and CFR rule 68 provision with net0'worth limitation (includes outlay effects)^180da DOE "---     "'@;'Civil damages with respect to unauthorized collection'''actions (includes outlay effects) ^DOE      '@7'Increase in size of cases permitted on small case''calendar to $50,000 ^pca DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@:'Expand Tax Court jurisdiction to include responsible''person penalties ^pia DOE     '@0'Actions for refund with respect to certain0'estates which have elected the installment 'method of payment ^rfa DOE ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '!@:!'Provide Tax Court jurisdiction to review adverse IRS8"'determination of a bond issuer's tax-exempt status "^pfa DOE ""[1]""""" " " " " ""#^C.2#'Relief for Innocent Spouses and Persons with#'$'Disabilities$'%8%'Innocent spouse relief - innocent spouses would be%'C&'able to elect to be liable only for tax attributable to their&'3''income (assumes no interaction with any other)('proposal; includes anti-abuse rule)(^laa & ulb DOE((D(((L( @( @( ( ( (((')@%4)'Reports on collection activity against spouses )^bi 1999)^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -)'*@);*'Suspension of statute of limitations on filing refund*')+'claims during periods of disability +^[2]++t++++ + + + + ++B+',^D.3,'Provisions Relating to Interest and Penalties,'->-'Elimination of interest rate differential on overlapping-'8.'periods of interest on income tax overpayments and.'-/'underpayments (includes outlay effects)/^cqba DOE////// / / / |/ v///'0@->0'Increase refund interest rate to Applicable Federal Rate0';1'("AFR") + 3 for individual taxpayers (includes outlay2'effects) [3]2^cqba DOE222222 2 ~2 v2 p2 h2>2P2'3@0;3'Elimination of penalty on individual's failure to pay?4'during installment agreements (for individuals and timely5'filed returns only)5^iapma DOE555555 \5 <5 5 5 55p5'6@3>6'Mitigations of failure to deposit penalty cascading (all7'taxpayers)7^dma 180da DOE 7"---7777~7 |7 |7 z7 x7 x7 7b7'8@6?8'Suspend accrual of interest and penalties if IRS fails to8'<9'contact taxpayer within 12 months after a timely-filed9'6:'return (except for fraud and criminal penalties):^tyea DOE :"--- :"---:::X: : : : : :03333[ ::';@80;'Notices of penalties must show computation;^na 180da DOE;^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -;'<@;0<'Require management to approve non-computer<'=='generated penalties (excluding failure to file, pay, or='>'estimated tax payment)>^pa 180da DOE>^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ->'?^E.>?'Protections for Taxpayers Subject to Audit or Collection?'@,@'Due process for IRS collection actions@^caia 6ma DOE @"---@@@@@ @ @ @ @ @@@'A@@=A'Extend the attorney client privilege to accountants andA'>B'other tax practitioners for tax advice of accountant andC'other tax practitioners C^DOECCCCCC C C C C CCC'D@A7D'Expand the Taxpayer Advocate's authority to issueD' E'taxpayer assistance orders E^DOEEEEEEE E E E E EUEUE'F@D5F'Limitation on financial status audit techniques F^DOEF^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -F'G@F)G'IRS summons of computer source codeG^sia DOE & pfsib DOE G"---GGGGG G G |G pG lGGtG'H@G<H'Prohibition on extension of statute of limitations for:I'collection beyond 10 years with estate tax exception I^[7]IIIIII I I I I III'J@H>J'Notice of deficiency to specify deadlines for filing TaxJ'K'Court petitionK^nma 12/31/98K^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -K'L@J3L'Refund or credit of overpayments before finalL'M'determination M^DOEM^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -M'N@L6N'Prohibition on improper threat of audit activityO'for tip reporting O^DOEO^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -O'P@N:P'Codify existing IRS procedures relating to appeal of/Q'examinations and collections and increase&R'independence of appeals function R^DOER^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -R'S@P;S'Appeals videoconferencing alternative for rural areas S^DOES^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -S'T@S<T'Require IRS to notify taxpayer before contacting third5U'parties regarding IRS examination or collection=V'activities with respect to the taxpayer (does not applyW'for criminal cases)W^180da DOE W"---WWWWW W W W W WWW'X^F.X'Disclosures to TaxpayersY0Y'Explanation of joint and several liabilityY^180da DOEY^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Y'Z@Y=Z'Explanation of taxpayers' rights in interviews with IRSZ^180da DOE Z"---ZZZZZ Z Z Z Z ZZUZ'[@Z6['Disclosure of criteria for examination selection[^180da DOE[^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -['\@[4\'Explanations of appeals and collection process\^180da DOE\^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\']@\9]'Require IRS to explain reason for denial for refund]^180da DOE]^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -]'^^G.!^'Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics ^^DOE^^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -^'_^H.&_'Other Taxpayer Rights Provisions_'`6`'Cataloging complaints of IRS employee misconduct `^DOE`^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -`'a@`a'Archive of records of IRS a^DOEa^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -a'b@a/b'Payment of taxes to the U.S. Treasury [3] b^DOEb^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -b'c@b=c'Clarification of authority of Secretary relating to thec'd'making of elections d^DOEd^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -d'e^I. e'Studiesf8f'Study of penalty administration and implementation f^9ma DOEf^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -f'g@f8g'Study of confidentiality of tax return information g^1ya DOEg^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -g'h^J.!h'Limits on Seizure Authorityi=i'IRS to implement approval process for liens, levies, orj'seizuresj^caca DOEj^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -j'k@i@k'Prohibit the IRS from selling taxpayer's property for lessk'l'than the minimum bid l^Soa DOEl^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -l'm@k:m'Require the IRS to provide an accounting and receiptm';n'to the taxpayer (including the amount credited to then'6o'taxpayer's account) for property seized and sold o^soa DOEo^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -o'p@m<p'Require the IRS to study and implement a uniform assetp'8q'disposal mechanism for sales of seized property toq'4r'prevent revenue officers from conducting salesr^DOE & 2 yearsr^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -r's@p9s'Increase the amount exempt from levy to $10,000 fors'9t'personal property and $5,000 for books and tools oft'"u'trade, indexed for inflationu^cata DOEuuuuuu u u u u uuu'v@s8v'Require the IRS to immediately release a levy uponv'2w'agreement that the amount is not collectible w^lia DOEw^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -w'x@v9x'Codify IRS administrative procedures for seizure ofx'y'taxpayer's property y^DOEy^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -y'z@x3z'Suspend collection by levy during refund suitz^tyba 12/31/98z^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -z'{@z5{'Require District Counsel review of jeopardy and{'1|'termination assessments and jeopardy levies |^taa DOE|^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -|'}@{4}'Codify certain fair debt collection procedures }^DOE}^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -}'~@}3~'Ensure availability of installment agreements ~^DOE~^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~'@~*'Increase superpriority dollar limits ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@9'Permit personal delivery of section 6672(b) notices ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@8'Allow taxpayers to quash all third-party summonses ^ssa DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@6'Permit service of summonses by mail or in person ^ssa DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@='Provide new remedy for third parties who claim that the'%'IRS has filed an erroneous lien ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@8'Waive the 10% early withdrawal penalty when IRA or''qualified plan is levied ^la DOE     '@>'Prohibit seizure of residences in small deficiency cases ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'^K.'Offers-in-Compromise<'Rights of taxpayers entering into offers-in-compromise ^DOE     U'@5'Prohibit IRS rejection of low-income taxpayer's2'offer-in-compromise based on amount of offer ^osa DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@='Prohibit IRS rejection of an offer-in-compromise solely?'based on a dispute as to liability because the taxpayer's''file cannot be located by the IRS ^osa DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@?'Prohibit the IRS from requiring a financial statement for?'offer-in-compromise based solely on doubt as to liability ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@='Suspend collection by levy while offer-in-compromise is' 'pending^tao/a 60da DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Negligible Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@4'Rejected offers-in-compromise and requests for+'installment agreements to be reviewed^oara DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@8'Liberal acceptance policy for offers-in-compromise ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'^L.'Additional Items<'Prohibit using tax enforcement results to evaluate IRS'employees ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@8'IRS notices must contain name and telephone number 'of IRS employee to contact^60da DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@2'Require approval of use of pseudonyms by IRS'employees ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@9'National Office conferences without field personnel ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@7'Require the IRS to end the use of the illegal tax''protestor label ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'@='Modify section 6103 to allow the tax-writing committees':'to obtain data from IRS employees regarding employee''and taxpayer abuse ^DOE^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -''Subtotal of Taxpayer Protections............................................................................................ؗ 03333#    ā     ԭ  T ̰ e  "IV._'Congressional Accountability for the IRS.................................................)^...................................^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - No Revenue Effect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'"V.'Revenue Offsets^A.+'Repeal Schmidt Baking with Respect to 'Vacation and Severance Pay^tyea DOE ( 8 F X h z^B.0'Allow Taxpayers to use Foreign Tax Credits*'to Reduce Income for 1 Year Back and'Carryforward 7 Years^ftcai tyea DOEr@  &    t ^C..'Clarify and Expand Math Error Procedures^tyea DOE "---246 8 : < > @,^D.7'Freeze Grandfathered Status of Stapled or Paired-'Share REITs^tyea 3/26/98 "[8]   & 4 F Z(^E.3'Make Certain Trade Receivables Ineligible for*'Mark-to-Market Treatment With Spread^tyea DOEBz     ( 'Subtotal of Revenue Offsets...............................................................................................................f $ ^   3r' NET TOTAL ........................................................................................................................................................................Б@P@@  H  (  h   ̕@ '!'Joint Committee on Taxation7--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------;'NOTE: Details may not add to totals due to rounding.$'Legend for "Effective" column:'bi = beginning in'na = notices after" 'ssa = summonses served after/'caca = collection actions commenced after 'nma = notices mailed after 'taa = taxes assessed after/'caia = collection actions initiated after&'oara = offers and requests after( 'tao/a = taxes assessed on or after+'cata = collection actions taken after0'osa = offers-in-compromise submitted after* 'tyba = taxable years beginning after.'cqba = calendar quarters beginning after'pa = penalties after' 'tyea = taxable years ending after'dma = deposits made after('pca = proceedings commencing after# 'ulb = unpaid liability before'DOE = date of enactment!'pfa = petitions filed after '1ya = 1 year after)'eca = examinations commencing after4'pfsib = protection for summonses issued before '6ma = 6 months after,'ftcai = foreign tax credits arising in#'pia = penalties imposed after '9ma = 9 months after7'iapma = installment agreement payments made after'rfa = refunds filed after '60da = 60 days after'la = levies after"'sia = summonses issued after '90da = 90 days after#'laa = liability arising after$'soa = seizures occurring after '180da = 180 days after 'lia = levies imposed after!'Soa = sales occurring after ^[1]#'Loss of less than $1 million. ^[2]'Effective for periods of disability before, on or after the date of enactment but would not apply to any claim for refund or credit which (without regard to the proposed provision);'is barred by the statute of limitations as of 1/1/98. ^[3];'Estimate provided by the Congressional Budget Office. ^[4]#'Loss of less than $5 million. ^[5]$'Loss of less than $25 million. ^[6]$'Loss of less than $50 million. ^[7]'Effective for requests to extend the statute of limitations made after the date of enactment and to all extensions of the statute of limitations on collections that are open 180 days"'after the date of enactment. ^[8]!'Gain of less than $500,000.